This is required by the moral values God commands humanity in the Qur'an, which condemns all those who commit evil, inflict cruelty on others or unjustly take life in this world. As the Qur'an reveals to us, "if someone kills another person—unless it is in retaliation for someone else or for causing corruption in the Earth—it is as if he had murdered all mankind." (Qur'an, 5:32) Committing murder is forbidden to all humanity. Our Lord has revealed that the murder of even one single innocent, therefore, is a crime equivalent to the murder of all people.
During Word War II and the years leading up to it, many Jews were subjected to great barbarity and slaughter. We unreservedly condemn the killings and oppression of these Jews and other innocent people by the Nazis, or anyone else. There can be absolutely no justification for the cruelty inflicted on the tens of millions who lost their lives in World War II (be they German, Russian, British, French, Japanese, Chinese, Gypsies, Croats, Poles, Berbers, Serbs, Arabs, Bosnians or of any other nationalities). Historians estimate that before and during the war, the Nazis killed some 29 million civilians in concentration camps, ghettoes, military murders and political assassinations.
Of the two important subjects covered in this book, one is that Nazi Germany engaged in secret cooperation with some of the founders of the state of Israel. Many may find that quite shocking, but historical facts show that the founders of Israel—some Zionists, in other words—at one time embarked on close cooperation with Nazi Germany, reasoning that Nazi pressure would be an excellent motive for European Jews to migrate to Palestine. Economically and politically, they supported the Nazi empire that was to inflict such terrible savagery on people of their own and many other nations, even applauding the Nazis' racist policies.
The Nazis subjected European Jews to indisputable and unforgivable cruelty during World War II. They humiliated, insulted and degraded millions of Jewish civilians, forcing them from their homes and enslaving them in concentration camps under inhuman conditions. The terrible photographs of Jewish prisoners at Auschwitz on the left, or the dead prisoners at Buchenwald below, are sufficient reminders of the scale of the Nazi barbarity. | |
O humanity! We created you from a male and female, and made you into peoples and tribes so that you might come to know each other. The noblest among you in God's sight is the one of you who best performs his duty. God is All-Knowing, All-Aware. (Qur'an, 49:13)The expression "so that you might come to know each other" reveals God's wisdom in creating different races and ethnic origins: Different tribes or nations, all of whom are God's servants, must get to know one another—in other words, learn about each other's different cultures, languages, customs and abilities. One of the intentions behind the existence of different races and nations is cultural richness, not war or conflict.
The morality commanded in that verse and elsewhere in the Qur'an make it absolutely clear that a Muslim must not engage in racism or judge people by their race. For that reason, it is completely out of the question for Muslims to harbor negative feelings about Jews or any other race, simply because of their ethnic origins.
Turning to consider the religion that the Jews follow, we encounter another very important truth revealed in the Qur'an: Jews and Christians are referred to as "People of the Book" and as such, are closer to Muslims than are atheists or pagans. No matter how distorted the Old and the New Testaments have been, leading both Jews and Christians into some false beliefs and practices, at the end of the day they all believe in God and His unity. And all submit to His commandments.
The Qur'an draws an important distinction between the People of the Book and idolaters, particularly in terms of social life. One verse, for example, describes the latter in these terms: "… the idolaters are unclean, so after this year they should not come near the Masjid al-Haram…" (Qur'an, 9:28) That is because idolaters recognize no divine law, possess no moral criteria, and can engage unhesitatingly in all forms of wickedness and perversion.
The People of the Book, however, possess certain moral criteria based on God's revelation, as well as concepts of what is lawful and what is forbidden. That is why it's lawful for Muslims to eat food prepared by the People of the Book. In the same way, Muslim men are permitted to marry women from the People of the Book. In the relevant verse, God says:
These rules show that marriage and the resulting ties of kinship can be established between Muslims and the People of the Book. Each can accept the other's invitations to dine, all of which allow the establishment of warm human relations and a peacefully shared life. Since the Qur'an recommends such moderation and understanding, it is out of the question for us Muslims to hold ideas in conflict with that viewpoint.Today all good things have been made lawful for you. And the food of those given the Book is also lawful for you and your food is lawful for them. So are chaste women from among the believers and chaste women of those given the Book before you, once you have given them their dowries in marriage, not in fornication or taking them as lovers. But as for anyone who rejects faith, his actions will come to nothing and in the Hereafter he will be among the losers. (Qur'an, 5:5)
This verse shows that all Muslims must behave respectfully towards the places of worship of the People of the Book, as well as protecting them.… if God had not driven some people back by means of others, monasteries, churches, synagogues and mosques, where God's name is mentioned much, would have been pulled down and destroyed. God will certainly help those who help Him—God is All-Strong, Almighty. (Qur'an, 22:40)
Indeed, when one reviews the history of Islam, it is striking that Muslim societies have always treated the People of the Book with moderation and understanding. That was particularly evident in the Ottoman Empire, from which today's Turkey is descended. It is well known that the Jews were expelled from Catholic Spain, but found the right to live peacefully in Ottoman lands. When Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror (Mehmed II) captured Constantinople, he allowed Jews and Christians to live there freely. Throughout Ottoman history, the Jews were regarded as a People of the Book and allowed to live in peace.
Neither the practices of Inquisition stemming from bigotry, nor anti-Semitism born out of racist ideas—both of which have blackened European history—ever appeared in the Islamic world. The 20th-century conflict between Jews and Muslims in the Middle East arose only when some Jews turned to the racist ideology of radical Zionism, which is not compatible with religious morals, and for which Muslims are in no way responsible.
In conclusion, it is absolutely out of the question for us Muslims, who think along the commandments of the Qur'an, to feel any hostility towards the Jews because of their religion or beliefs.
To realize that, we need to examine the roots of anti-Semitism. The term is generally understood to mean "hatred of Jews," though it really means "hatred of the Semites"—in other words, of all Semitic peoples: Arabs, Jews and some other Middle Eastern ethnic groups. There are close similarities between Semitic cultures and languages. For example, Arabic and Hebrew closely resemble one another.
The neo-pagan movement born in the 19th century maintained that European societies should return to pre-Christian paganism. Some neo-pagans, inimical to Divine religions such as Judaism and Christianity, favored the barbarian lifestyle of pagan societies. The Nazi propaganda poster (top right) equates the SS with ancient pagan warriors. | |
These pagan tribes dominating Europe came to believe in one God only under the influence of Jesus (pbuh) who was sent down as a prophet to the Semites and the children of Israel. He himself was racially and linguistically a Jew. His message gradually spread over Europe, and one by one, formerly pagan tribes came to accept Christianity. (We should make it clear that at this point, Christianity had been corrupted, and included in its teachings was the twisted idea of the Trinity).
In the 18th and 19th centuries, however, Christianity weakened throughout Europe. Along with the growing strength of ideologies and philosophies that supported atheism, a peculiar movement was born: Neo-paganism. That movement's leaders maintained that European societies needed to reject Christianity and revert to their ancient pagan beliefs. According to the neo-pagans, the ethical understanding of the pagan European societies was superior to that which emerged later, after they turned to Christianity.
One of the main representatives of that trend, and also one of the principal theoreticians of fascism, was Friedrich Nietzsche. Implacably hostile to Christianity, he believed that this religion had destroyed the warrior spirit of the German race and therefore, its so-called "noble essence." He attacked Christianity in his book The Antichrist and glorified ancient pagan philosophy in Thus Spake Zarathustra. (Zoroastrianism, widespread in ancient Persia, was one of the pagan religions of Indo-European culture).
The Nazis' devotion to neo-pagan teachings was the main reason for their hostility towards the Jews. Throughout the years of Nazi rule, spectacles reminiscent of ancient pagan ceremonies were staged all over Germany. The opening ceremony of the Berlin Olympics, shown here, was one of these. |
This neo-pagan movement fanned the flames of anti-religious hatred and also gave birth to the ideologies of fascism and anti-Semitism. Examining the foundations of Nazi ideology in particular, it is quite clear that Hitler and his partisans were pagans in the true sense of the word.
Even so, a number of neo-pagan measures were put into practice during the Nazi regime. A short while after Hitler came to power, Christian holy days and festivals began to be abolished and replaced by pagan alternatives. During wedding services, vows were taken to imaginary deities such as "Mother Earth" or "Father Sky." In 1935, schools were forbidden to allow students to recite Christian prayers. Then lessons in Christianity were completely banned.
SS chief Heinrich Himmler stated the Nazi regime's hatred of Christianity: "This religion is the most terrible pestilence the world has ever seen. It needs to be treated accordingly."2 These words are expressions indicative of Himmler's and the Nazi mentality's ignorance and irrationality. And they are unacceptable.
The Nazis' enmity for the Jews was thus part and parcel of these anti-religious ideologies. Regarding Christianity as a "Jewish conspiracy," the Nazis tried to divorce German society from Christianity on the one hand, and on the other encouraged Jews to leave Germany by putting various forms of pressure on them and organizing street attacks. (At this point was born the alliance between radical Zionism and Nazism, as shall be discussed in some detail in Chapter 2).
When we examine the various neo-Nazi and fascist groups in the vanguard of anti-Semitism today, we see that almost all possess an anti-religious ideology and employ slogans based on pagan concepts.
When putting forward his theory, Charles Darwin had claimed that there was a constant fight for survival in nature, and that some races were especially favored in the fight, while others were doomed to lose and be "eliminated." As one might expect, these views soon came to represent the scientific foundation of racism. James Joll, who spent long years as a professor of international history at Oxford, Stanford and Harvard University, describes the ideological link between Darwinism and racism in his book Europe Since 1870: An International History, which is still used as a college textbook:
Charles Darwin, the English naturalist whose books On the Origin of Species, published in 1859, and The Descent of Man, which followed in 1871, launched controversies which affected many branches of European thought… The ideas of Darwin, and of some of his contemporaries such as the English philosopher Herbert Spencer, ... were rapidly applied to questions far removed from the immediate scientific ones… The element of Darwinism which appeared most applicable to the development of society was the belief that the excess of population over the means of support necessitated a constant struggle for survival in which it was the strongest or the "fittest" who won. From this it was easy for some social thinkers to give a moral content to the notion of the fittest, so that the species or races which did survive were those morally entitled to do so.
The doctrine of natural selection could, therefore, very easily become associated with another train of thought developed by the French writer, Count Joseph-Arthur Gobineau, who published an Essay on the Inequality of Human Races in 1853. Gobineau insisted that the most important factor in development was race; and that those races which remained superior were those which kept their racial purity intact. Of these, according to Gobineau, it was the Aryan race which had survived best… Houston Stewart Chamberlain... contributed to carrying some of these ideas a stage further… Hitler himself admired the author [Chamberlain] sufficiently to visit him on his deathbed in 1927.3
Evaluating people according to their ethnic origins and inherited physical characteristics is a perverse practice that reached its peak in the 19th century. The motivating reason behind it was Darwin's theory of evolution, which regarded mankind from a totally racist perspective. Darwin was the behind-the-scenes architect of 19th-century racism and the 20th century's Nazi barbarity. Above: The so-called "racial measurements" performed according to evolutionist criteria. | |
Haeckel died in 1919, but his ideas were bequeathed to the Nazis. Shortly after seizing power, Hitler embarked on an official program of eugenics. His words in Mein Kampf summed up this new policy:
Mental and physical education are of great importance to the state, yet the selection of people is at least as important. The state has a responsibility to declare that it is inappropriate for genetically or clearly unhealthy individuals to reproduce... It must show no sympathy nor wait for others to understand as it fulfils that responsibility... Preventing the reproduction of physically handicapped or unhealthy individuals for a period of 600 years ... will bring about a hitherto unachievable improvement in human health. If the healthiest members of a race reproduce in a planned manner, the result will be … a race without the deformed physical or mental seeds that we have carried with us so far.4
Biologists who supported the theory of evolution were some of Hitler's main intellectual sources. The origin of his idea of eugenics (racial improvement) lay in Francis Galton, a cousin of Charles Darwin, and Ernst Haeckel, one of Darwin's strongest supporters in Germany. | |
What the Nazis considered "applied biology" was actually Darwin's theory of evolution, itself a violation of the basic laws of biology. It has since been clearly shown that the theory of eugenics and other Darwinist claims are absolutely devoid of any scientific foundation.
Finally, we must emphasize that the Nazis' attachment to evolutionary theory was connected to their hostility to religion as well as to racist policies. As we have already seen, the Nazis bore a great hatred for divine religions. Intending to replace them with pagan beliefs, they sought to carry out anti-religious propaganda and brainwashing and realized that Darwinism was the most effective means of doing so. Daniel Gasman's The Scientific Origins of National Socialism confirms this: "Hitler stressed and singled out the idea of biological evolution as the most foremost weapon against traditional religion…"6
These same anti-religious and Darwinist ideologies underlay the Nazis' despotic ruthlessness.
The Morality of the Qur'an Eliminates Anti-Semitism and All Forms of Racism
From what we have seen so far, the conclusion that emerges is this:
Anti-Semitism is actually an anti-religious and Darwinist ideology, whose roots go back to neo-paganism. For that reason, it is unthinkable for any Muslim to support or feel sympathy for that ideology. An anti-Semite is also an enemy of the prophets Abraham, Moses and David (peace be upon them all), blessed people chosen by God and sent down as messengers to mankind.
On the other hand, anti-Semites and other racists are unwilling to live in peace with people of different ethnic origins or beliefs. (For instance, the racist Nazi Germans and some Zionists—their Jewish counterparts—opposed the idea of Germans and Jews living in close proximity, because each side believed that would lead to a degeneration of its own people.) The Qur'an, however, encourages people of different beliefs to live together in peace and security within the same social structure, in the same way that it allows no discrimination between races.
The Qur'an commands to make no distinction, not even against those who do not believe and refuse to recognize God and religion, and states that those who display no hostility to religion should be treated well:They are not all the same. There is a community among the People of the Book who are upright. They recite God's signs throughout the night, and they prostrate. They believe in God and the Last Day, and enjoin the right and forbid the wrong, and compete in doing good. They are among the righteous. They will not be denied the reward for any good thing they do. God knows those who guard against evil. (Qur'an, 3:113-115)
It is commanded that even the enemies of Muslims should enjoy their sense of justice :God does not forbid you from being good to those who have not fought you in the religion or driven you from your homes, or from being just towards them. God loves those who are just. God merely forbids you from taking as friends those who have fought you in the religion and driven you from your homes and who supported your expulsion. Any who take them as friends are wrongdoers. (Qur'an, 60:8-9)
Once again, all these verses show that it is totally incompatible with Islamic morality to harbor hatred, anger, or aggression towards Jews or any other people, solely on account of their beliefs and race. Since the Jews are descended from the line of Abraham (pbuh), there is absolutely no question of Islamic morality ever permitting any attempt at the elimination of Abraham's (pbuh) line. This is a most repellent and sinful course of action. Like all Muslims who abide by Qur'anic moral values and the Sunnah, the teachings of our Prophet (may God bless him and grant him peace), it is impossible for us to accept such a repugnant action or regard it as in any way justified.You who believe! Show integrity for the sake of God, bearing witness with justice. Do not let hatred for a people incite you into not being just. Be just. That is closer to heedfulness. Have fear [and respect] of God. God is aware of what you do. (Qur'an, 5:8)
The Qur'an commands that other religions be treated in a very moderate and friendly manner, as long as they do not behave in a manner hostile to Muslims and Islam. That is why a Muslim who abides by the Qur'an must behave in a kind and friendly manner to members of other religions, particularly the People of the Book.
Racist ideologies like Nazism and anti-Semitic philosophies, whose roots go back ancient pagan cultures, are perverted teachings that have absolutely no place in religion. For any Muslim to give such teachings any respect at all is of course out of the question.
Our perspective on the subjects of Judaism and Holocaust depends on those fundamental criteria.
Indeed, this book has been prepared in strict accordance with those criteria. The following chapters unreservedly criticize the Nazis' oppression of the German Jews, but they also explain how the view shared by Nazis and some racist Zionists that "different races must not intermix" is completely wrong, and defend the concept of different races, ethnic origins and beliefs living together.
Our wish is to see racist, anti-Semitic movements like Nazism, and ideologies that engage in racism in the name of any ethnic group, such as radical Zionism, all disappear, making way for the establishment of a world order based on justice, in which all races and beliefs can live in peace.
This book does not criticize patriotic Jews' justified behavior and demands, but rather the mindset and practices of certain radical and racist Zionists. Indeed, the radicals in question and some Zionists who allied themselves with the Nazis failed to see the perilous consequences to which such cooperation might lead. In the present day, moreover, many pro-peace Israeli citizens, devout Jews, and considerable numbers of Jews in other countries of the world (even moderate Zionists) oppose radical Zionism, and fiercely condemn racist assertions from that ideology that are incompatible with religious moral values.
In contrast to the propaganda disseminated in the early days, certain circles transformed Zionism into a movement that supported violence and threatened peace and security. Historical experience proved that radical Zionism led to Jews, as well as Arabs, suffering serious losses. History shows that so long as radical Zionist ideology is not renounced, the Jews—and therefore their neighbors and the entire region—can never enjoy peace. To avoid any repetition of painful experiences from the past; to attain a lasting peace in the Middle East; and for Jews and Arabs to live in peace and security in their own lands will be possible only if both sides abandon all forms of radical tendencies and turn towards true religious moral values. Our hope is that the facts set out in this book will encourage a major step in that direction.